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NinjaSCC Hardware

# Design Specifications

Desired NinjaSCC Specs to have a guideline during design phase.

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit
:—————-::————————–::—-::—-::—-::—-:
VMPP PV MPP Voltage 5 45 V
VOC PV Open-Circuit Voltage 50 V
ISC PV Short-Circuit Current 15 A
PMPP PV Power 250 W
VOut Output Voltage 0 28 V
IOut Output Current 12.5 A
OVP Overvoltage Protection 45 V
OTP Overtemperature Protection 125 °C
MPPEff MPP Efficiency 98.5 %
PMEff Panel-Mode Efficiency 99.5 %

### Input

Parameter Value Unit
:——————–::——–::—–:
Input Configuration 36 or 72 Cells
Max. Input Voltage 45 V
Max. Input Current 20 A
Cont. Input Current 10 A

### Battery Output

Parameter Value Unit
:——————–::——–::—–:
Output Configuration 12-24 V
Max. Input Current 20 A
Cont. Input Current 10 A

### Load Output

Parameter Value Unit
:——————–::——–:
Cont. Output Current 10 A

## Environment

Parameter Value Unit
:——————–::——–::—–:
Min. Temperature -40 °C
Max. Temperature +85 °C

## PCB

Parameter Value Unit
:——————–::——–::—–:
Material FIXME -
Layers 2 -
PCB Thickness 2 mm
Copper 70 µm
Silkscreen White -
Soldermask Black -

When the optimal operating condition falls into a narrow window that Vin and Vout are within about ±2% of each other, the panel mode is engaged to take the advantage of the almost lossless energy harvest feature. In panel mode as shown in Figure 6, Q5A/B remains ON while the DC/DC converter shuts down, establishing a direct link between the PV panel output and the string.

When the panel mode is not the optimal operating condition, the MPPT/PM controller will turn-off PM switches and engage the DC/DC converter for maximum power tracking. In a conventional Buck-and- Boost converter, switching of the diagonal switches is synchronized. Namely Q1 and Q3 are turned on and off at the same time. So are Q2 and Q4.

NinjaSCC has four operating modes:

  • Buck-Only (BK)
  • Boost-Only (BST)
  • Buck-Boost-Interleaved (BB)
  • Bypass (BP)

Based on real-time assessment of the operating conditions, NinjaSCC dynamically determines the optimal operating mode in order to track the maximum power point of the PV panel, keeping overall conversion efficiency close to 100%.

Generally, when the PV panel’s Vmpp is lower than about 98% of Vout defined in Equation 2, the controller will run the converter in the BK mode. Figure 7a shows the equivalent circuit of BK mode, where only Q1 and Q2 are switching, while Q3 remains OFF and Q4 stays ON. When the PV panel’s Vmpp is greater than about 102% of the output voltage defined in Equation 2, the controller will run the converter in the BST mode. Figure 7b shows the equivalent circuit of BST mode. Only Q3 and Q4 are switching, while Q2 remains OFF and Q1 stays ON.

## Protection

### ESD

Input/Output lines can be subjected to extraneous voltage induced or directly connected - such as Electrostatic discharge (ESD). The circuitry itself should be designed to withstand the voltage. Special components are available to do this and it is also possible to supplement the protection with Spark Gaps which can also be fabricated cheaply, as a trace pattern on a PCB.

First concept:

MKI early:

MKI latest:

Trace: hardware

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