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- | ====== NinjaSCC Hardware ====== | + | ====== NinjaSCC Hardware |
{{: | {{: | ||
- | # Design Specifications | ||
Desired NinjaSCC Specs to have a common frame of reference during design and | Desired NinjaSCC Specs to have a common frame of reference during design and | ||
documentation phase. | documentation phase. | ||
- | ## Electrical | + | ===== Electrical |
- | ### PV Input | + | ==== PV Input ==== |
- | | Symbol | + | ^ Symbol |
- | |: | + | | V< |
- | | V< | + | | V< |
- | | V< | + | | I< |
- | | I< | + | | P< |
- | | P< | + | | - | Panel/Cell Configuration |
- | | - | Panel/Cell Configuration | + | |
- | ### Battery | + | ==== Battery |
- | | Symbol | + | ^ |
- | |: | + | | V< |
- | | V< | + | | I< |
- | | I< | + | | Ripple< |
- | | Ripple< | + | | Ripple< |
- | | Ripple< | + | |
- | NinjaSCC will by default fall into a 12V system. Any other check, charge, | + | NinjaSCC will by default fall into a 12V system. Any other check, charge, |
equalize and float setpoints can easily be overriden in software to leave | equalize and float setpoints can easily be overriden in software to leave | ||
more headroom for all kinds of use-cases and many battery types like lead-acid, | more headroom for all kinds of use-cases and many battery types like lead-acid, | ||
gel,agm and lithium battery packs in the 12V to 36V range. | gel,agm and lithium battery packs in the 12V to 36V range. | ||
- | Output Current/ | + | Output Current/ |
- | increase battery lifetime and allow RF sensitive devices, like remote | + | increase battery lifetime and allow RF sensitive devices, like remote |
SDRs, to be powered by NinjaSCC as well. | SDRs, to be powered by NinjaSCC as well. | ||
+ | ==== Load ==== | ||
- | ### Load | + | ^ Symbol |
+ | | V< | ||
+ | | I< | ||
- | | Symbol | + | ==== Efficiency ==== |
- | |: | + | |
- | | V< | + | |
- | | I< | + | |
+ | ^ Symbol | ||
+ | | BK-MPP< | ||
+ | | BST-MPP< | ||
+ | | TR< | ||
- | ### Efficiency | + | ==== ADC ==== |
- | | Symbol | + | 10-bit ARef 5V (Arduino) |
- | |:--------------------: | + | 12-bit ARef 5V (4 channel external ADC via I2C) |
- | | BK-MPP< | + | |
- | | BST-MPP< | + | |
- | | TR< | + | |
+ | ===== Environment ===== | ||
- | ## Environment | + | ^ Symbol |
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
- | | Symbol | + | ===== PCB ===== |
- | |: | + | |
- | | Temp | Operating Temperature | + | |
- | | OTP | Overtemperature Protection | | +85 | | °C | | + | |
- | | OVP | Overvoltage Protection | + | |
- | ## PCB | + | ^ |
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | Substrate HQ | P96/ | ||
+ | | Substrate MQ | | ||
+ | | Substrate LQ | FR4 | | ||
- | | Parameter | + | ===== Protection ===== |
- | |: | + | |
- | | Layers | + | |
- | | Thickness | + | |
- | | Copper | + | |
- | | Silkscreen | + | |
- | | Soldermask | + | |
- | | Substrate HQ | P96/ | + | |
- | | Substrate MQ | + | |
- | | Substrate LQ | + | |
- | ## Protection | + | ==== Electrical ==== |
- | ### Electrical | + | * Short-Circuit [HW] |
+ | * Over-Voltage [HW+SW] | ||
+ | * Over-Current [HW+SW] | ||
+ | * Adjustable Current Limiter [HW+SW] | ||
+ | * LVD (Low-Voltage Disconnect of Load) [SW] | ||
+ | * UVLO (Under-Voltage Lock-Out) [HW] | ||
+ | * Uncontrolled Back-Channel DC GND return (High-Side Load Switch) [HW] | ||
+ | * Electromagnetic and Lightning induced extraneous Voltage Transients [HW] | ||
+ | * Local ESD [HW] | ||
- | * Short-Current | + | ==== Environmental |
- | * Over-Voltage | + | |
- | * Over-Current | + | |
- | * LVD (Low-Voltage Disconnect) | + | |
- | * Undesired/ | + | |
- | * Electromagnetic and Lightning induced extraneous Voltage Transients | + | |
- | * Local ESD | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ### Environmental | + | |
- | | + | |
- | * PV Panel Temperature Monitoring (optional) | + | * PV Panel Temperature Monitoring (optional) |
- | * PCB Temperature Monitoring | + | * PCB Temperature Monitoring |
- | * Over-Temperature controlled Shutdown | + | * Over-Temperature controlled Shutdown |
- | * Fan-Control | + | * Fan-Control |
- | * Assembly PU-Coating | + | * Assembly PU-Coating |
- | + | ||
- | ## Controller | + | ===== Modes of Operation ===== |
+ | |||
+ | Based on real-time assessment of the operating conditions, NinjaSCC dynamically | ||
+ | determines the optimal operating mode in order to track the maximum power point | ||
+ | of the PV panel, keeping overall conversion efficiency close to 99%. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * MPP Tracking Buck-Only (BK) | ||
+ | * MPP Tracking Boost-Only (BST) | ||
+ | * MPP Tracking Buck-Boost-Interleaved (BB) | ||
+ | * Transit (TR) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Controller | ||
Since Arduinos have been around for a while and have a very broad | Since Arduinos have been around for a while and have a very broad | ||
- | spectrum of documentation, | + | spectrum of documentation, |
- | AVR ATMega32U4 8-Bit Microcontroller (with built-in USB support so that | + | AVR ATMega32U4 8-Bit Microcontroller (with built-in USB support so that |
- | we can [give FTDI the finger](https:// | + | we can [[https:// |
- | chosen as the main controller in a fully Arduino-Micro compatible | + | chosen as the main controller in a fully Arduino-Micro compatible |
- | configuration while adding a couple of protective features to it. | + | configuration, while adding a couple of protective features to it. |
- | This way, NinjaSCC can be used and flashed over USB like any other | + | This way, NinjaSCC can be used and flashed over USB like any other |
Arduino-Micro board. | Arduino-Micro board. | ||
- | ## Monitoring & Metrics | + | ===== Dedicated USB Charging Port (DCP) ===== |
+ | |||
+ | As other USB power sources, like most wall warts and auto adapters, | ||
+ | NinjSCC does not enumerate the USB output port. Charging can begin | ||
+ | immediately, | ||
+ | in the supplementary USB Battery Charging Specification, | ||
+ | 4/15/2009 (BC1.1). | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Supply 5V up to 1.5A | ||
+ | * DCP mode identified by a short between D+ to D- | ||
+ | * Short-Circuit, | ||
+ | * Shares EN pin with Load Switch to maintain LVD ability by default, | ||
+ | but can be selected with a solder bridge/0R | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Monitoring & Metrics | ||
Constantly monitor and collect all relevant system metrics and operating | Constantly monitor and collect all relevant system metrics and operating | ||
- | parameters and deliver a high-resolution, | + | parameters and deliver a high-resolution, |
- | over USB to be live-viewed and/or shipped into a metrics storage engine | + | over USB to be live-viewed and/or shipped into a metrics storage engine |
- | like [influxdb](https:// | + | like [[https:// |
- | real-time, remote system awareness | + | real-time, remote system awareness, gather long-term |
+ | the system even further | ||
+ | operating conditions which might lead to failure like: Battery temperatures | ||
+ | that are consistently above ambient may indicate high ripple, overcharging | ||
+ | or internal cell shorting. | ||
- | ## Remote Control | + | ===== Remote Control |
Any DC/DC regulation parameter can be overriden in software by remote | Any DC/DC regulation parameter can be overriden in software by remote | ||
- | controlling NinjaSCC over USB, so playing and experimenting on a live, | + | controlling NinjaSCC over USB, so playing and experimenting on a live, |
- | working converter with instant metric feedback will be a great opportunity | + | working converter with instant metric feedback will be a great opportunity |
- | to study its behaviour while changing parameters and operating modes | + | to study its behaviour while changing parameters and operating modes |
- | manually. And of course a fun and hands-on learning assistance while | + | manually. And of course, a fun and hands-on learning assistance while |
teaching buck/boost technology to others. | teaching buck/boost technology to others. | ||
- | ## Resilience | + | ===== Resilience |
- | Designed in a built-to-last approach, almost all components have been | + | Designed in a built-to-last approach, almost all components have been |
- | selected in a range between automotive qualified and up to | + | selected in a range between automotive qualified and up to |
- | aerospace/ | + | aerospace/ |
- | because this way the focus gets back where it should belong: On the | + | because this way the focus gets back where it should belong: On the |
- | product and the component quality it is made of. Without | + | product and the component quality it is made of. With attention to detail |
+ | and without | ||
- | To further decrease the chance of total system failure, most important | + | To further decrease the chance of total system failure, most important |
- | system blocks and components have been set up n+1 redundant, wherever | + | system blocks and components have been set up n+1 redundant, wherever |
- | possible and reasonable. | + | possible and reasonable. |
NinjaSCC must withstand gale force sub-arctic winds at -40°C while still | NinjaSCC must withstand gale force sub-arctic winds at -40°C while still | ||
- | providing power to the camera you've put out there for over a year, | + | providing power to the camera you’ve put out there for over a year, |
to make a movie about glacier calving or you are in a remote desert at | to make a movie about glacier calving or you are in a remote desert at | ||
+55°C ambient temperature and need power to operate your water pump. | +55°C ambient temperature and need power to operate your water pump. | ||
- | When you're truely off-grid, this is the device that must not fail | + | When you’re truely off-grid, this is the device that must not fail |
- | (or at last reasonably max out the chance that it does), because murphy | + | (or at last reasonably max out the chance that it does), because murphy |
- | dictates: it usually does so at the worst possible point in time. | + | dictates: it usually does so at the worst possible point in time. |
- | + | ||
First concept: | First concept: |