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lab:zephyr:rotors [2016/07/16 12:04] – [Power Estimation] chrono | lab:zephyr:rotors [2016/07/25 13:46] – [Power Estimation] chrono | ||
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====== Rotors ====== | ====== Rotors ====== | ||
- | Compared to drag-only type rotors (Savonius), | + | Compared to drag-only type rotors (Savonius), lift-only type rotors (Darrieus) |
+ | |||
+ | A drag-only type rotor can develop more torque, even at early stages in low wind conditions, but that would require a very specific and resource-intensive generator to accommodate for the very low rotational speed. A typical low end for a direct driven axial flux permanent magnet alternator with many poles is about 100 revolutions per minute. Everything under 100 rpm means huge additional resource investments into rare earth magnets and loads of copper (windings). | ||
+ | |||
===== VAWT Rotor Types ===== | ===== VAWT Rotor Types ===== | ||
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^ <x 12> | ^ <x 12> | ||
^ <x 12> | ^ <x 12> | ||
- | ^ <x 12> | + | ^ <x 12> |
**Example: eXperimental Turbine Lenz-Rotor with 0.96 m² surface @ 4 m/s** | **Example: eXperimental Turbine Lenz-Rotor with 0.96 m² surface @ 4 m/s** | ||
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| Decent VAWT | 0.30 | | | Decent VAWT | 0.30 | | ||
| Good VAWT | 0.35 | | | Good VAWT | 0.35 | | ||
- | | Superb | + | | Good HAWT | 0.40 | |
- | | Superb | + | | Big Grid MW+ HAWT | 0.45 | |
=== Torque === | === Torque === | ||
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speed ratio at wind speeds it is likely to encounter((Ragheb and Ragheb, Wind Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal Rotor Tip Speed Ratio 2011)). | speed ratio at wind speeds it is likely to encounter((Ragheb and Ragheb, Wind Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal Rotor Tip Speed Ratio 2011)). | ||
- | === Reynold Numbers | + | === Reynolds Number |
+ | |||
+ | The Reynolds number range for small-scale gorlov VAWTs is quite | ||
+ | low. In comparison, the Reynolds number operating regime of most airfoils used for aircrafts ranges from **6.3e6 for a small Cessna** to **2.0e9 for a Boeing 747**. | ||
<x 20> | <x 20> | ||
- | Re = {{V ∗ D ∗ \rho}/{\u}} | + | Re = {{V ∗ D ∗ \rho}/{\nu}} |
</x> | </x> | ||
^ Parameter ^ Unit ^ Detail ^ | ^ Parameter ^ Unit ^ Detail ^ | ||
- | ^ <x 12> | + | ^ <x 12> |
^ <x 12> | ^ <x 12> | ||
- | ^ <x 12> | + | ^ <x 12> |
- | ^ <x 12>\u</x> | m2/s | Kinematic viscosity Air at 25 °C (1.57×10−5) | | + | ^ <x 12>\nu</x> | m²/s | Kinematic viscosity |
- | **Example: | + | **Example: |
<x 16> | <x 16> | ||
- | {{4 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.225}/ | + | {{4 ∗ 0.7 ∗ 1.225}/ |
- | </x> | + | </ |